Choosing a U.S. mover comes down to four checks: identify the company that will actually transport your belongings, compare written estimates based on the same inventory, choose damage protection deliberately, and keep control of the paperwork. A cheap quote isn't a bargain if it leaves out stairs, packing, storage, or delivery charges.
An interstate move crosses state lines and is primarily regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). A move that begins and ends in the same state is generally intrastate and follows that state's transportation, public-utility, or motor-vehicle rules.
Quick moving company checklist
Before paying a deposit, make sure you can check these items:
- [ ] Identify whether the company is the actual carrier, a broker, or both.
- [ ] Get the carrier's legal name, address, phone number, and USDOT number.
- [ ] Verify an interstate carrier through FMCSA's SAFER System.
- [ ] Check the required state license for an intrastate move.
- [ ] Compare at least three written estimates using the same inventory and services.
- [ ] Confirm whether each estimate is binding or non-binding.
- [ ] Get access, packing, storage, waiting-time, and cancellation charges in writing.
- [ ] Review released value protection or full value protection before signing.
- [ ] Ask about the prohibited-items list and extraordinary-value requirements.
- [ ] Never sign a blank estimate, inventory, or bill of lading.
- [ ] Confirm the deposit, refund terms, payment methods, and delivery-day balance.
- [ ] Photograph valuable and fragile items before loading.
- [ ] Keep the estimate, inventory, bill of lading, and payment records.
- [ ] Record loss or damage at delivery and submit a written claim using the mover's instructions.
Identify the company that will move you
The company that answers your call may be a broker, not the mover. A broker arranges transportation through another company. A carrier supplies the truck and crew. That difference affects who picks up your goods, who controls delivery, and where you submit a damage claim.
Before accepting a quote, ask:
- Is your company the carrier, a broker, or both?
- What is the carrier's legal name?
- What are the carrier's USDOT and, if applicable, MC numbers?
- Will another company or subcontractor handle any part of the move?
- Which company's estimate and bill of lading will I sign?
- Who handles claims, storage, delays, and delivery problems?
If a broker is involved, get the broker's name and the actual carrier's name in writing. Then verify the carrier separately. A broker's reviews or reputation don't establish that the carrier is authorized or dependable.
Check registration and reputation
For an interstate household-goods move, search for the carrier in the FMCSA SAFER System. The legal name, address, phone number, USDOT number, operating status, and household-goods authority should match the information on your quote and contract.
A USDOT number isn't a quality seal. It should belong to the company offering the service, and the record shouldn't conflict with the identity shown on the paperwork. Ask the mover to explain any difference between its advertising name and legal name.
For an intrastate move, contact the agency that regulates movers in your state. Depending on the state, that could be a department of transportation, public utilities commission, consumer-protection office, or motor-vehicle agency. State licensing and insurance requirements vary, so federal registration alone may not cover a move that stays within one state.
Use reviews as a pattern check
Reviews can't replace a license check, but they can point to questions worth asking. Look for recent, specific comments about:
- Arrival and delivery times
- Changes to the quoted price
- Missing or damaged items
- Communication during delays
- Claims handling
- The crew's conduct
One negative review may need only an explanation. Repeated complaints about low estimates, surprise charges, damaged goods, or refusing delivery are stronger reasons to choose someone else.
Warning signs
Pause the booking if you see several of these at once:
- The quote is based only on a short phone call or incomplete inventory.
- The company won't provide its legal name or carrier details.
- The USDOT information doesn't match the quote or contract.
- A representative pressures you to sign immediately.
- You're asked to sign blank documents.
- The price is far below comparable estimates without a clear reason.
- A large, nonrefundable deposit or cash-only payment is demanded.
- Fees are called "standard" but don't appear in writing.
- The company won't explain who will deliver the shipment.
- A delivery-day payment demand isn't supported by the estimate or bill of lading.
A deposit alone doesn't prove fraud. There isn't one federal deposit percentage that applies to every U.S. move; state rules, the contract, and the payment terms matter. A large upfront payment combined with pressure and poor documentation is a serious warning, however.
Compare written estimates, not just prices
Three estimates are useful only when they describe the same move. Give each mover the same inventory and details about the property: rooms, furniture, boxes, appliances, fragile items, stairs, elevators, parking, long carries, narrow access, storage, and requested dates.
An in-home survey is often the clearest approach. A detailed video survey can work too, provided it captures the inventory accurately. A price based on a few verbal item counts is more likely to miss labor or access charges.
The estimate should identify, as applicable:
- The inventory or shipment description
- Estimated weight or volume
- Pickup and delivery addresses
- Pickup and delivery windows
- Labor, transportation, and travel charges
- Packing, unpacking, and materials
- Special handling
- Stairs, elevators, long carries, shuttles, and parking
- Storage, redelivery, and waiting-time charges
- Taxes and other mandatory fees
- Deposit and cancellation terms
- The valuation protection selected
- The amount due at pickup and delivery
Don't compare one company's hourly labor rate with another company's all-inclusive total. Compare the estimated total and exactly what that total includes.
Binding and non-binding estimates
| Estimate type | What it generally means | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Binding | The price is fixed for the inventory and services described in the document. | Ask what added items, changed services, or access problems can increase the bill. |
| Non-binding | The estimate isn't a guaranteed final price. Actual shipment details and services can change the total. | Confirm how weight, labor, access, and additional services are calculated. |
| Binding not-to-exceed | Some movers offer a written cap under stated conditions. | Make sure the cap and its exceptions appear in the signed estimate. |
For an interstate household-goods move with a non-binding estimate, the 110 percent rule generally limits what the mover may collect at delivery to 110 percent of the estimate. If the final charges are higher, the remaining amount may be billed later. This isn't a guaranteed final price, and the rule doesn't automatically apply to a move that stays within one state.
For example, if the eligible interstate non-binding estimate is $4,500, the delivery-day collection limit is generally $4,950. Ask how the estimate was calculated. If you add items or services after signing, get the price change in writing rather than assuming the original limit covers it.
Find hidden charges before moving day
A quote can look complete while leaving out the awkward parts of the move. Get written answers about:
- Access: stairs, elevators, long carries, parking, shuttles, and what happens if the truck can't reach the building
- Packing: labor, boxes, tape, padding, mattress covers, and specialty supplies
- Heavy or unusual items: pianos, safes, exercise equipment, antiques, and other items needing special handling
- Timing: arrival and delivery windows, waiting time, delays, and date changes
- Storage: daily charges, redelivery, and who pays if storage becomes necessary
- Buildings: elevator reservations, loading-dock rules, parking restrictions, and any certificate-of-insurance requirement
- Payment: deposit, cancellation terms, payment methods, and the balance due at delivery
Also ask whether the price includes travel time, fuel, tolls, furniture disassembly and reassembly, cleaning, disposal, or replacement keys. If you can remove items before the survey, the shipment may be smaller, but tell the mover if the final inventory changes.
A realistic budget may include:
- Packing materials and packing labor
- Specialty supplies
- Storage and redelivery
- Valuation protection
- Travel, lodging, meals, or a rental vehicle
- Parking permits and building fees
- Cancellation or date-change charges
An off-peak date may produce a quote-specific discount, but treat any promised percentage saving as an offer in that estimate, not as a guaranteed seasonal rule.
Choose your damage protection
Movers often use the word "insurance," but the protection in a moving contract is usually a valuation option that defines the carrier's liability. Your homeowner's or renter's policy has separate terms and may not cover every moving loss.
For an interstate household move, the common options include:
- Released value protection: Usually provided at no additional charge, with liability generally limited to $0.60 per pound per article. The calculation is based on weight, not purchase price.
- Full value protection: An additional-cost option that may require the mover to repair, replace, or pay for damaged property, subject to the written terms, deductible, exclusions, and declared-value requirements.
A 20-pound television would have a released-value calculation of only $12, even if its actual value is much higher. The Surface Transportation Board's guidance on lost or damaged items explains why lightweight electronics and artwork can be poorly protected under released value.
Before choosing, ask:
- Which protection is shown on the estimate?
- What does full value protection cost?
- Is there a deductible?
- Are owner-packed boxes treated differently?
- Are pairs, sets, antiques, electronics, or fragile goods excluded?
- How must high-value items be declared?
- What is the claims process?
For an interstate shipment, ask about the Declaration of Article(s) of Extraordinary (Unusual) Value. Items valued above $100 per pound may need to be listed on the mover's form. Keep receipts, serial numbers, appraisals, and photographs for expensive belongings. Carry jewelry, cash, medication, vital records, and irreplaceable documents yourself.
Read the paperwork before signing
The documents should be complete and readable. Check for:
- The legal carrier name and contact information
- USDOT information when applicable
- Addresses, dates, and delivery windows
- The inventory or a clear shipment description
- Estimate type and estimated amount
- Included services and extra charges
- Valuation protection and deductible
- Deposit, cancellation, and payment terms
- Storage and delay terms
- Prohibited items
- Claims instructions
- Bill of lading and inventory procedures
A bill of lading records the shipment, services, and transport terms; it isn't just a receipt. As the crew loads each item, check the inventory and condition notes. Never sign a blank estimate, inventory, or bill of lading, and don't accept a copy that leaves important charges or valuation choices empty.
If the mover changes the price because you added items or requested new work, get a revised written document before that work begins. Keep the original estimate and every revision.
Decide whether full service is worth it
| Option | Advantages | Costs and risks |
|---|---|---|
| Full service | The crew may pack, load, transport, unload, and place items in rooms. | Higher price, less control over handling, and a need to review protection and exclusions carefully. |
| Partial service | You can pack or load some items while hiring help for the hardest work. | Responsibility is divided, so clarify who handles damage and what labor is included. |
| Do it yourself | More control and potentially a lower mover bill. | You pay for the truck, fuel, equipment, time, lifting, and damage or injury risk. |
DIY isn't automatically cheaper after mileage, fuel, equipment, packing materials, lodging, and missed work. Full service may suit a large move or tight schedule. Partial help can make sense if you can pack safely but need assistance with loading and unloading.
Prepare for pickup and delivery
Before the crew arrives:
- Remove cash, jewelry, medication, passports, birth certificates, financial records, and other essentials.
- Back up phones, computers, and important files.
- Photograph valuable items from several angles and record serial numbers.
- Separate items on the mover's prohibited-items list.
- Confirm the crew, truck, arrival time, access instructions, and payment method.
- Protect floors and point out furniture that needs special handling.
During loading, compare the inventory with what is actually on the truck. Record pre-existing damage accurately. Keep a signed copy of the inventory and bill of lading.
At delivery, check boxes and furniture before putting everything away. Record missing or damaged items on the delivery paperwork if possible, take photographs, and notify the mover in writing through the claims process. Keep the estimate, inventory, bill of lading, emails, text messages, photographs, receipts, and payment records together.
If the price changes or items are missing
Ask for an itemized explanation of any added charge and compare it with the signed estimate, inventory, and bill of lading. Don't sign a statement that inaccurately says the shipment arrived undamaged or that you agreed to charges you didn't approve.
For an interstate move with a non-binding estimate, compare any delivery-day demand with the 110 percent limit described above. If the final charges are higher, ask which amount is being collected at delivery and which amount will be billed later.
For an interstate mover, review FMCSA consumer information and submit a complaint about regulatory or service concerns when appropriate. For an intrastate move, contact the state agency that licenses or regulates movers. A complaint can help document a pattern, but it doesn't necessarily decide a private damage claim or guarantee payment.
Submit a damage claim according to the contract. If the mover denies the claim in whole or in part, the Surface Transportation Board says the customer may need to pursue arbitration or a lawsuit to obtain compensation. Consider qualified legal help for a significant loss or a dispute you can't resolve; this checklist isn't legal advice.
Before paying the deposit, place the quote, carrier details, valuation choice, inventory, delivery window, and payment terms side by side. If the names or charges don't match, pause the booking and request corrected paperwork. Don't put your belongings on a truck until the documents say who is responsible for moving and delivering them.